Background:
The Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand in about A.D. 800.
In 1840, their chieftains entered into a compact with Britain, the Treaty of Waitangi, in which they ceded sovereignty
to Queen Victoria while retaining territorial rights. In that same year, the British began the first organized colonial
settlement. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony
of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand's
full participation in a number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years, the government has sought to
address longstanding Maori grievances.
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Location:
Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast
of Australia.
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Natural Resources:
natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber,
hydropower,
gold, limestone
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Natural Hazards:
Earthquakes are common, though usually not
severe;
volcanic activity.
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Area - comparative:
About the size of Colorado.
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Government Type; Capital; & Population:
Parliamentary democracy Wellington 4,076,140 (July 2006 est.)
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Independence:
26 September 1907 (from UK).
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Ethnic groups:
European 69.8%, Maori 7.9%, Asian 5.7%, Pacific
islander 4.4%, other 0.5%, mixed 7.8%, unspecified 3.8% (2001 census)
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Religions:
Anglican 14.9%, Roman Catholic 12.4%, Presbyterian 10.9%,
Methodist 2.9%, Pentecostal 1.7%, Baptist 1.3%, other Christian 9.4%, other 3.3%, unspecified 17.2%, none 26% (2001 census)
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Disputes - International:
Asserts a territorial claim in Antarctica
(Ross Dependency).
* Based on CIA-The World Factbook